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- Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware doi link

Author(s): Aiello Sebastiano, Albert Arnauld, Garre Sergio alves, Aly Zineb, Ameli Fabrizio, Andre Michel, Androulakis Giorgos, Anghinolfi Marco, Anguita Mancia, Anton Gisela, Ardid Miguel, Aublin Julien, Bagatelas Christos, Barbarino Giancarlo, Baret Bruny, Du pree Suzan basegmez, Belias Anastasios, Bendahman Meriem, Berbee Edward, Van den berg Ad m., Bertin Vincent, Van beveren Vincent, Biagi Simone, Biagioni Andrea, Bissinger Matthias, Boettcher Markus, Boumaaza Jihad, Gabella O., Rivoire S., Vasileiadis G.

(Article) Published: Journal Of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments And Systems, vol. 7 p.016001 (2021)


DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.7.1.016001
Abstract:

The KM3NeT infrastructure consists of two deep-sea neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes will detect extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos by means of the incident photons induced by the passage of relativistic charged particles through the seawater as a consequence of a neutrino interaction. The telescopes are configured in a three-dimensional grid of digital optical modules, each hosting 31 photomultipliers. The photomultiplier signals produced by the incident Cherenkov photons are converted into digital information consisting of the integrated pulse duration and the time at which it surpasses a chosen threshold. The digitization is done by means of time to digital converters (TDCs) embedded in the field programmable gate array of the central logic board. Subsequently, a state machine formats the acquired data for its transmission to shore. We present the architecture and performance of the front-end firmware consisting of the TDCs and the state machine. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.