Ref HAL: in2p3-00497160_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1005.2141
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/1178
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246 citations
Abstract:

We present detailed observations of the bright short-hard gamma-ray burst GRB 090510 made with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi observatory. GRB 090510 is the first burst detected by the LAT that shows strong evidence for a deviation from a Band spectral fitting function during the prompt emission phase. The time-integrated spectrum is fit by the sum of a Band function with $\Epeak = 3.9\pm 0.3$\,MeV, which is the highest yet measured, and a hard power-law component with photon index $-1.62\pm 0.03$ that dominates the emission below $\approx$\,20\,keV and above $\approx$\,100\,MeV. The onset of the high-energy spectral component appears to be delayed by $\sim$\,0.1\,s with respect to the onset of a component well fit with a single Band function. A faint GBM pulse and a LAT photon are detected 0.5\,s before the main pulse. During the prompt phase, the LAT detected a photon with energy $30.5^{+5.8}_{-2.6}$ GeV, the highest ever measured from a short GRB. Observation of this photon sets a minimum bulk outflow Lorentz factor, $\Gamma\ga$\,1200, using simple $\gamma\gamma$ opacity arguments for this GRB at redshift $z = 0.903$ and a variability time scale on the order of tens of ms for the $\approx$\,100\,keV--few MeV flux. Stricter high confidence estimates imply $\Gamma \ga 1000$ and still require that the outflows powering short GRBs are at least as highly relativistic as those of long duration GRBs. Implications of the temporal behavior and power-law shape of the additional component on synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), external-shock synchrotron, and hadronic models are considered.

Comments: 33 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. Contact Authors: James Chiang (jchiang@slac.stanford.edu), Jonathon Granot (j.granot@herts.ac.uk), Sylvain Guiriec (sylvain.guiriec@lpta.in2p3.fr), Masanori Ohno (ohno@astro.isas.jaxa.jp)

Ref HAL: in2p3-00496048_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1004.2857
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/835
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19 citations
Abstract:

We present the results from the Suzaku X-ray observations of five flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), namely PKS0208-512, Q0827+243, PKS1127-145, PKS1510-089 and 3C 454.3. All these sources were additionally monitored simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously by the Fermi satellite in gamma-rays and the Swift UVOT in the UV and optical bands, respectively. We constructed their broad-band spectra covering the frequency range from 10^14 Hz up to 10^25 Hz, and those reveal the nature of high-energy emission of luminous blazars in their low-activity states. The analyzed X-ray spectra are well fitted by a power-law model with photoelectric absorption. In the case of PKS0208-512, PKS1127-145, and 3C 454.3, the X-ray continuum showed indication of hard-ening at low-energies. Moreover, when compared with the previous X-ray observations, we see a significantly increasing contribution of low-energy photons to the total X-ray fluxes when the sources are getting fainter. The same behavior can be noted in the Suzaku data alone. A likely explanation involves a variable, flat-spectrum component produced via inverse-Compton (IC) emission, plus an additional, possibly steady soft X-ray component prominent when the source gets fainter. This soft X-ray excess is represented either by a steep powerlaw (photon indices Gamma ~ 3 - 5) or a blackbody-type emission with temperatures kT ~ 0.1-0.2 keV. We model the broad-band spectra spectra of the five observed FSRQs using synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) and/or external-Compton radiation (ECR) models. Our modeling suggests that the difference between the low and high-activity states in luminous blazars is due to the different total kinetic power of the jet, most likely related to varying bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow within the blazar emission zone.

Comments: 36 pages, 8 figures, 11 tables.

Ref HAL: in2p3-00496030_v1
Ref Arxiv: 0912.2040
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/30
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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506 citations
Abstract:

We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broad-band spectral properties of the \gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical and other hard X-ray/gamma-ray data, collected within three months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars.The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual Log $\nu $ - Log $\nu$ F$_\nu$ representation, the typical broad-band spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SEDs to characterize the peak intensity of both the low and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broad-band colors (i.e. the radio to optical and optical to X-ray spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency $\nu_p^S$ is positioned between 10$^{12.5}$ and 10$^{14.5}$ Hz in broad-lined FSRQs and between $10^{13}$ and $10^{17}$ Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects.We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron - inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, Synchrotron Self Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SEDs, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. (...)

Comments: 85 pages, 38 figures

Ref HAL: in2p3-00488230_v1
DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/04/014
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173 citations
Abstract:

The first published Fermi large area telescope (Fermi-LAT) measurement of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is in good agreement with a single power law, and is not showing any signature of a dominant contribution from dark matter sources in the energy range from 20 to 100 GeV. We use the absolute size and spectral shape of this measured flux to derive cross section limits on three types of generic dark matter candidates: annihilating into quarks, charged leptons and monochromatic photons. Predicted gamma-ray fluxes from annihilating dark matter are strongly affected by the underlying distribution of dark matter, and by using different available results of matter structure formation we assess these uncertainties. We also quantify how the dark matter constraints depend on the assumed conventional backgrounds and on the Universe's transparency to high-energy gamma-rays. In reasonable background and dark matter structure scenarios (but not in all scenarios we consider) it is possible to exclude models proposed to explain the excess of electrons and positrons measured by the Fermi-LAT and PAMELA experiments. Derived limits also start to probe cross sections expected from thermally produced relics (e.g. in minimal supersymmetry models) annihilating predominantly into quarks. For the monochromatic gamma-ray signature, the current measurement constrains only dark matter scenarios with very strong signals.

Ref HAL: in2p3-00484618_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1005.0041
DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/715/1/L49
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59 citations
Abstract:

The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object RGB J0710+591 was observed in the very high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) wave band by the VERITAS array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The observations, taken between 2008 December and 2009 March and totaling 22.1 hr, yield the discovery of VHE gamma rays from the source. RGB J0710+591 is detected at a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (5.5{\sigma}) above the background, corresponding to an integral flux of (3.9 +/- 0.8) x 10-12 cm-2 s-1 (3% of the Crab Nebula's flux) above 300 GeV. The observed spectrum can be fit by a power law from 0.31 to 4.6 TeV with a photon spectral index of 2.69 +/- 0.26stat +/- 0.20sys. These data are complemented by contemporaneous multiwavelength data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, the Swift X-ray Telescope, the Swift Ultra-Violet and Optical Telescope, and the Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT observatory. Modeling the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) with an equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model yields a good statistical fit to the data. The addition of an external-Compton component to the model does not improve the fit nor brings the system closer to equipartition. The combined Fermi and VERITAS data constrain the properties of the high-energy emission component of the source over 4 orders of magnitude and give measurements of the rising and falling sections of the SED.

Ref HAL: in2p3-00484603_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1002.0150
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/429
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377 citations
Abstract:

We present the first catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected by the LAT, corresponding to 11 months of data collected in scientific operation mode. The First LAT AGN Catalog (1LAC) includes 671 gamma-ray sources located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10 deg) that are detected with a test statistic (TS) greater than 25 and associated statistically with AGNs. Some LAT sources are associated with multiple AGNs, and consequently, the catalog includes 709 AGNs, comprising 300 BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), 296 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 41 AGNs of other types, and 72 AGNs of unknown type. We also classify the blazars based on their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) as archival radio, optical, and X-ray data permit. In addition to the format 1LAC sample, we provide AGN associations for 51 low-latitude LAT sources and AGN "affiliations" (unquantified counterpart candidates) for 104 high-latitude LAT sources without AGN associations. The overlap of the 1LAC with existing gamma-ray AGN catalogs (LBAS, EGRET, AGILE, Swift, INTEGRAL, TeVCat) is briefly discussed. Various properties--such as gamma-ray fluxes and photon power law spectral indices, redshifts, gamma-ray luminosities, variability, and archival radio luminosities--and their correlations are presented and discussed for the different blazar classes. We compare the 1LAC results with predictions regarding the gamma-ray AGN populations, and we comment on the power of the sample to address the question of the blazar sequence.

Comments: 68 pages, 28 figures; submitted to ApJ; electronic tables available by clicking the link in the top left of http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/fermi/fermilac.html

Ref HAL: in2p3-00484510_v1
DOI: 10.1126/science.1184656
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166 citations
Abstract:

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected the {gamma}-ray glow emanating from the giant radio lobes of the radio galaxy Centaurus A. The resolved {gamma}-ray image shows the lobes clearly separated from the central active source. In contrast to all other active galaxies detected so far in high-energy {gamma}-rays, the lobe flux constitutes a considerable portion (greater than one-half) of the total source emission. The {gamma}-ray emission from the lobes is interpreted as inverse Compton–scattered relic radiation from the cosmic microwave background, with additional contribution at higher energies from the infrared-to-optical extragalactic background light. These measurements provide {gamma}-ray constraints on the magnetic field and particle energy content in radio galaxy lobes, as well as a promising method to probe the cosmic relic photon fields.